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    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ijesm</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>International Journal of Engineering, Science and</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>volume 15,issue 6</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>June 2026</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>06</Month>
        <Day>22</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Engineering, Science and Mathematics</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>__ampersandsignldquo;Empowering Future Nurses: Assessing the Effectiveness of a Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Evidence-Based Non-Pharmacological Measures to Promote Labour Progress During the First Stage of Labour in Primigravida Women Among Final-Year B.Sc. Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Colleges, Mangaluru__ampersandsignrdquo;.</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>35</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>46</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Mrs. Sweety Vinitha Coutinho1. Mrs. Jacintha Jyothi</FirstName>
          <LastName>Dsouza2.</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
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      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>Abstract:&#13;
&#13;
Labour pain is an unpleasant, multifaceted, highly personalised phenomenon that includes both emotional and sensory elements. Pregnant women frequently worry about the pain they will feel during labour and delivery, as well as how they will respond to and manage that discomfort. She receives support, direction, encouragement, and unwavering acceptance other coping mechanism.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Evaluate, Effectiveness, Planned Educational Program, Primigravida Women, Nonpharmacological Measures, First Stage of Labour, Final Year B.Sc. Nursing Students, Nursing College</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://www.ijesm.co.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=16284&amp;title=__ampersandsignldquo;Empowering Future Nurses: Assessing the Effectiveness of a Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Evidence-Based Non-Pharmacological Measures to Promote Labour Progress During the First Stage of Labour in Primigravida Women Among Final-Year B.Sc. Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Colleges, Mangaluru__ampersandsignrdquo;.</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References/>
      </References>
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